Junyue Cao's single cell atlas reframes aging as coordinated cellular reprogramming. The mitochondrial peptide HNG and a GHK-Cu osteogenic scaffold each point to the same consequence: stress response machinery that drifts from its original program is the upstream lesion.
Osteocalcin circulates as a hormone linking bone to muscle. GHK-Cu shows up in a 2026 diabetic wound hydrogel. Together with collagen peptide immunology and protein language model architecture, a picture of intercellular signaling specificity emerges.
